描绘性形容词和限制性形容词一、描绘性形容词描绘性(descriptive)形容词又称作非限制性形容词,它主要起描绘性作用,在句中用于回答“什么样的”问题,如果省去不用,通常不会影响所修饰名词的本义。如:The French horn has a
beautiful sound. 法国号音色很美。The house has got a
wonderful atmosphere. 家庭的气氛极为美好。A
gentle breeze comes from the ocean. 从海洋上吹来一阵清风。A
good dictionary can aid language learning. 一部好词典有助于语言学习。Riding on a donkey is a
slow mode of travel. 骑驴子旅行是一种缓慢的旅行方式。I’ve got out of the habit of having a
cooked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃热食的习惯。I struck up an
interesting conversation with your uncle. 我与你叔叔进行了一次有趣的谈话。They’re having a
working lunch in Mr Smith’s office. 他们在史密斯先生的办公室吃工作餐。A
tall woman in black was coming across the lawn. 一位高个子的黑衣女子正穿过草地走过来。A
small bridge conects the two parts of the building. 一座小桥将大楼的两部分连接起来。If you buy an
old house, you have to consider the cost of repairs. 你要是买一座旧房子,就必须考虑维修房子的花费。二、限制性形容词限制性(restrictive)形容词用于表示事物的本质,其位置紧挨着它所修饰的名词,二者关系如同一体。与描绘性形容词的可有可无不同,限制性形容词通常是必不可缺少的,如果去掉则会影响所修饰名词的意义。如:
agrarian laws 土地法the
Elizabethan Age 伊丽莎白时代The
Industrial Relations Bill. 劳资关系法案She’s a
French major. 她是法语专业的学生。It is a
Catholic school. 那是所天主教会学校。Those are
official figures. 那些是官方数字。It’s a
Shakespearian play. 那是一部莎士比亚式的戏剧。She advises the Government on
economic affairs. 她向政府提出经济方面的建议。The book is arguably a
potential best seller. 该书或可成为一部畅销书。It's an interesting idea but there are many
practical difficulties. 这是一个很有意思的想法, 然而却存在着许多实际困难。Ageing is accompanied by a slow degeneration of his
mental faculties. 他随着年纪增长,智力逐渐衰退。三、补充说明描绘性形容词与限制性形容词并不是固定不变的。有时同一个形容词在不同的语境中既可能是描绘性的,也可能是限制性的。如:It is a
true report. 这是份真实的报告。(true 为描绘性形容词)He is a
true scholar. 他是位真正的学者。(true 为限制性形容词)